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Linjeflyg Flight 277 was a controlled flight into terrain by a Convair 440-75 Metropolitan on 20 November 1964 at 21:14 in Ängelholm, Skåne, Sweden. The Linjeflyg pilots, misled by a non-conventional military runway light configuration, descended too early and on a faulty course during approach to Ängelholm–Helsingborg Airport. The crash killed 31 of 43 people on board, making it the deadliest aviation accident in Sweden. The flight was en route from Stockholm to Ängelholm, but bad weather caused it to skip stopovers at Hultsfred and Halmstad. There was less than visibility and a low cloud base at Ängelholm, so air traffic control lit its approach lighting system. As the civilian sector at F 10 Ängelholm, the airport had a military configuration and did not follow normal civilian configuration. This caused a pilot error in the navigation and the aircraft landed before the runway threshold. The aircraft inverted while sliding after impact. Despite the death toll, three people walked uninjured from the crash. The investigation commission found no fault of the pilot or air traffic control, instead focusing on short-cuts being taken by the Swedish Air Force and the Civil Aviation Administration (CAA) to not configure military airports in line with civilian regulations. The finding caused a surge of funding which subsequently caused military airports to change their instrument landing system and approach lighting system to meet civilian requirements. ==Flight== The accident aircraft was a Convair CV-340-62, which had been converted to a CV-440 Metropolitan. It had production date 23 June 1954 and was delivered to Real Transportes Aéreos of Brazil on 17 November 1955, where it was registered as PP-YRC. It became the property of Varig with the merger of the two airlines in August 1961. This made the aircraft superfluous and subsequently sold to Linjeflyg on 13 December 1961 through the holding company Airtaco. The aircraft was registered in Sweden on 14 March 1962 as SE-CCK. It was subsequently sent to Oslo for conversion to CV-440 Metroliner. Ownership was transferred from Airtaco to its owner, Dagens Nyheter, in 1962. They sold it to Aerotransport on 1 October 1964.〔Sanz: 343〕 Flight 267 was a scheduled, domestic service which was scheduled to fly from Stockholm Bromma Airport to Ängelholm–Helsingborg Airport, with intermediate stops at Hultsfred Airport and Halmstad Airport. Due to poor weather it was decided that the aircraft would not land at Hultsfred and the flight code was changed to FL 267V to reflect this. The aircraft had a flight crew of four, of which one of the two flight attendants was under training. Thirty-nine passengers boarded the aircraft in Stockholm, including one child, three members of Parliament. It departed Bromma at 19:46. It cruised at an altitude of 3,600 meters (12,000 ft). While en-route increasing fog was observed at Halmstad and the meteorologist at Ängelholm recommended that the aircraft would bypass Halmstad and fly directly to Ängelholm.〔Sanz: 97〕 Ängelholm–Helsingborg Airport was primarily a military air station, denoted F 10 Ängelholm. Because of this its instrument landing system was configured significantly different from most civilian airports. The runway's two radio beacons, LJ and J, were located at unusual distances from normal. LJ was situated from the runway threshold instead of the normal and J was located at instead of the normal . Also, the approach lighting system's strobeacon was located from and starboard of the runway's center line, but this light was not indicated on the instrument, approach and landing chart. Therefore, any aircraft which would pass beacon and aimed for the approach light would be aligned to land right of the runway.〔Sanz: 98〕 Ängelholm was experiencing rain and visibility between . The cloud base was only . The crew considered diverting to other suitable location, such as Malmö Bulltofta Airport and Copenhagen Airport, or even returning to Stockholm.〔 Upon reaching Halmstad the pilots chose to make a direct approach to Ängelholm runway 14 using visual flight rules. Given the weather conditions this was highly unusual landing path, where normal procedure would be to turn northwest and carry out an instrument approach.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Linjeflyg Flight 277」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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